European Resources on International Student Recruitment and National Approaches to Internationalise Higher Education
Key Resource, January 2009
The following is an overview of resources and data on national approaches for attracting international students and facilitating internationalisation of higher education in eight selected European countries. The last section includes a selection of resources on the external impact and perceptions of the Bologna Process and related European higher education reforms. The list below is not exhaustive, but may be helpful in giving initial guidance on where to find resources on these themes. Where possible, web links have been included.
France
Campus France (2008) Les étudiants internationaux: chiffres clés (Paris: Campus France). ‘Consortium strengthens India’s French connection’, in: The Times of India, 25 November 2008. Lanzendorf, U. (2008) Foreign-backed universities: A status report on international academic affiliation (London: The Observatory on Borderless Higher Education).
Ministry of National Education, Higher Education and Research (2006) Bologna Process 2005-07: Report for France (Paris: Ministry of National Education, Higher Education and Research).
Germany
Brandenburg, U., D. Carr, S. Donauer and C. Berthold (2008) Analysing the Future Market – Target Countries for German HEIs (Gütersloh: Centre for Higher Education Development).
DAAD - German Academic Exchange Service Website
DAAD - German Academic Exchange Service (2007) Information on the Statutory Frameworks applicable to the Pursuit of Gainful Employment by Foreign Students, Academics and Scientists (Bonn: DAAD).
DAAD – German Academic Exchange Service (2008) Qualität durch Internationalität. Das Aktionsprogramm des DAAD 2008-2011 (Bonn: DAAD).
Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (2008) Internationalisierung des Studiums – Ausländische Studierende in Deutschland – Deutsche Studierende im Ausland (Bonn: BMBF).
Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (2008) Strengthening Germany’s role in the global knowledge society. Strategy of the Federal Government for the internationalisation of science and research (Berlin: BMBF).
Lanzendorf, U. (2008) Foreign-backed universities: A status report on international academic affiliation (London: The Observatory on Borderless Higher Education).
Observatory on Borderless Higher Education (2008) ‘Coherent and competitive? Germany strengthens its transnational education strategy with two new German-backed universities in Vietnam and Lebanon’, 8 October 2008.
Schmeken, C. (2008) 'Integrierte Internationale Studiengange mit Doppelabschluss: Entwicklung und Potenzial eines DAAD-Forderprogramms'. Powerpoint presentation, 21 January 2008.
Wissenschaft Weltoffen Website
Zervakis, P. (2008) ‘Implementing Bologna in Germany: The universities in search for new business alliances’, Presentation held at the European University/Business Forum, Brussels, 28-29 February 2008.
The Netherlands
HBO-Raad, Paepon, Sail, VSNU, and the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (2006) ‘Code of conduct with respect to international students in Dutch higher education’.
Nuffic (Netherlands Organization for International Cooperation in Higher Education) Website
Nuffic (2006) Internationalization in higher education in the Netherlands: key figures (The Hague: Nuffic).
Nuffic (2007) Key Figures
Observatory on Borderless Higher Education (2008) ‘Building strength through collaboration? Universities in the Netherlands to expand international partnerships and student recruitment efforts’, 6 November 2008.
Poland
Bilanow, K. (2007) ‘An International Education Policy for Poland’ (New York: Institute of International Education).
Błażejowski, J., B. Bryzek, E. Majdowska, B. Skibińska, M. Bołtruszko and A. Doczyk (2005) Towards the European Higher Education Area: Bologna Process. National Reports 2004-2005 – Poland.
Bureau for Academic Recognition and International Exchange Website
Fulton, O., et al. (2007) OECD Review of Tertiary Education – Poland (Paris: OECD).
OECD (2006) Thematic Review of Tertiary Education: Country Background Report for Poland (Paris: OECD).
Spain
Academic Cooperation Association (ACA) (2008) ‘Spain to set up national agency for internationalisation’, in: ACA Newsletter - Education Europe, November 2008.
De Miguel, J.M., E. Vaquera and J.D. Sanchez (2005) ‘Spanish Universities and the Ranking 2005 Initiative’, in: Higher Education in Europe, Vol.30, No.2.
Ministry of Science and Innovation (2008) Estrategia Universidad 2015 (Madrid: Ministry of Science and Innovation).
OECD (2008) Thematic Review of Tertiary Education: Country Background Report for Spain (Paris: OECD).
University Committee for International Relations (CEURI) Website
Sweden
Swedish Government (2008) Studieavgifter i högskolan (Stockholm: Swedish Government Official Publications).
The Local (2008) ‘No more free education for non-Europeans’, in: The Local (Sweden’s news in English), 23 June 2008.
Switzerland
Federal Commission for Scholarships for Foreign Students Website
Rectors’ Conference of the Swiss Universities (2006) Planification stratégique 2008-2011 des hautes écoles (Bern: Rectors’ Conference of the Swiss Universities).
Rectors’ Conference of the Swiss Universities (2008) The Swiss Rectors’ Conference Strategy for International Cooperation and programmes from 2008-2011 (Bern: Rectors’ Conference of the Swiss Universities). State Secretariat for Education and Research (2007) Education, Research and Innovation 2008-2011: Sustainably Securing and Improving Quality, Increasing Competitiveness and Quality. The Federal Council’s Proposed Guidelines, Goals and Funding (Bern: State Secretariat for Education and Research and the Federal Office for Education and Technology). Swiss Federal Council (2008) ‘Coopération bilatérale de recherche avec la Russie’ (Bern: Swiss Federal Council).
The UK
Bohm, A., M. Follari, A. Hewett, S. Jones, N. Kemp, D. Meares, D. Pearce, and K. Van Cauter (2004) Vision 2020: forecasting international student mobility - a UK perspective (London: The British Council).
Bone, Professor Sir D. (2008) Internationalisation of HE: A Ten-Year View. Report written for the Department of Innovation, Universities and Skills.
Cemmell, J. and B. Bekhradnia (2008) The Bologna Process and the UK’s international student market (Oxford: Higher Education Policy Institute).
Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals (CVCP) (2000) The Business of Borderless Education: UK Perspectives (London: CVCP).
Fielden, J. (2007) Global Horizons for UK Universities (London: The Council for Industry and Higher Education).
Fielden, J., R. Middlehurst, and S. Woodfield (2007) Global Horizons for UK Students (London: The Council for Industry and Higher Education).
Lanzendorf, U. (2008) Foreign-backed universities: A status report on international academic affiliation (London: The Observatory on Borderless Higher Education).
Middlehurst, R. and S. Woodfield (2007) Responding to the internationalisation agenda: implications for institutional strategy (York: Higher Education Academy).
Northern Ireland Credit Accumulation and Transfer System Website
Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (2001) The framework for higher education qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (Gloucester: QAA).
Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (2008) Higher education credit framework for England: guidance on academic credit arrangements in higher education in England (Gloucester: QAA).
Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework Website
Sussex Centre for Migration Research and Centre for Applied Population Research (2004) International Student Mobility, Report commissioned by the HEFCE, SHEFC, HEFCW, DEL, DfES, UK Socrates Erasmus Council, HEURO, BUTEX and the British Council (Bristol: HEFCE).
UK Border Agency (2008) Students under the points based system – (tier 4). Statement of intent. UK Higher Education Europe Unit (2007) UK Higher Education (HE) Sector Position Statement on the Bologna Process London ministerial summit, 16-18 May 2007. Europe (general)
De Wit, H. (2002) Internationalization of higher education in the United States of America and Europe: A historical, comparative, and conceptual analysis (London: Westport).
De Wit, H. (2008) ‘Changing dynamics in international student circulation: meanings, push and pull factors, trends, and data”, in: H. De Wit, P. Agarwal et al. (eds.) (2008) The Dynamics of International Student Circulation in a Global Context Rotterdam: Sense Publishers), pp.15-45.
European University Foundation – Campus Europae Website
Froment, E., J. Kohler, L. Purser and L. Wilson (eds.) (2007) European Universities Association (EUA) Bologna Handbook (Berlin: EUA-RAABE), four volumes.
Kelo, M. (ed.) (2008) Beyond 2010. Priorities and challenges for higher education in the next decade. ACA Papers on International Cooperation in Education (Bonn: Lemmens).
Kelo, M., U. Teichler, U., and B. Wächter (eds.) (2006) EURODATA: Student mobility in European higher education (Bonn: Lemmens).
Lasanowski, V. (2009) International Student Mobility: Status Report 2009 (London: The Observatory on Borderless Higher Education).
Nuffic (2008) Working while studying overseas? (The Hague: Nuffic).
OECD (2004) Internationalization and Trade of Higher Education: Opportunities and Challenges (Paris: OECD).
Realising the European Higher Education Area [Berlin Communiqué]. Communiqué of the Conference of Ministers responsible for Higher Education in Berlin on 19 September 2003.
The European Higher Education Area – Achieving the Goals [Bergen Communiqué]. Communiqué of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Bergen, 19-20 May 2005.
Verbik, L. and V. Lasanowski (2007) International Student Mobility: Patterns and Trends (London: The Observatory on Borderless Higher Education).
Wächter, B (2008) ‘Mobility and internationalisation in the European Higher Education Area’, in: M. Kelo (ed.) (2008) Beyond 2010. Priorities and challenges for higher education in the next decade. ACA Papers on International Cooperation in Education (Bonn: Lemmens).
Wächter, B. and F. Maiworm (2008) English-Taught Programmes in European Higher Education (Bonn: Lemmens Medien).
The External Impact and Perceptions of the Bologna Process and Related European Higher Education Reforms
Academic Cooperation Association (ACA) (2006) Perceptions of European Higher Education in Third Countries. Outcomes of a Study by ACA for the European Commission (Brussels: European Commission).
American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admission Officers (AACROA) (2007) The Impact of Bologna and three-year degrees on U.S. admissions: a focus on Europe, Australia, and the United Kingdom (Washington DC: AACROA).
Clark, N. (2007a) ‘The Impact of the Bologna Process beyond Europe, Part I’, in: World Education News and Reviews, Vol.20, No.4.
Clark, N. (2007b) ‘The Impact of the Bologna Process beyond Europe, Part II: Asia-Pacific’, in: World Education News and Reviews, Vol.20, No.9.
Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST, Australia) (2006) The Bologna Process and Australia: Next Steps (Canberra: DEST).
Eurydice (2007) Focus on the Structure of Higher Education in Europe 2006/07. National Trends in the Bologna Process.
Muche, F. (ed.) (2005) Opening Up to the Wider World: The External Dimension of the Bologna Process. ACA Papers on International Cooperation in Education (Bonn: Lemmens).
NAFSA: Association of International Educators (2007) ‘The Bologna Process’, in: International Educator Supplement 2007 (Washington, DC: NAFSA).
NAFSA: Association of International Educators (2008) Bologna Process Task Force – 2008 Regional Conference Briefing (Washington, DC: NAFSA).
Observatory on Borderless Higher Education (2006) ‘A hand of mixed suites? Australia’s responses to the Bologna Process and its perceived impact on the international higher education market’, 1 December 2006.
Robertson, S. (2008) ‘The Bologna Process in Africa: a case of aspiration, inspiration, or both?’, in: GlobalHigherEd, 25 May 2008.
World Education Services (2007) The Impact of the Bologna Process beyond Europe, Part I (April, Volume 20, Issue 4).
Zgaga, P. (2006a) Working Group on the External Dimension of the Bologna Process. “External Dimension” of the Bologna Process. First Report of the Working Group on the External Dimension of the Bologna Process.
Zgaga, P. (2006b) Looking out: The Bologna Process in a Global Setting On the “External Dimension” of the Bologna Process (Oslo: Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research).